INTRODUCTION: Our country, Iran, is vulnerable to various disasters and the national media plays an important role at the time of accidents and disasters as the public pays attention to the media at such times. In this regard, the present study aimed to achieve and design a NEWS executive MODEL for crisis MANAGEMENT. METHODS: This research used a mixed approach and was conducted in two phases, namely qualitative and quantitative. The first phase was performed using the qualitative method based on the grounded theory and the next one was carried out based on the quantitative research method using a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative section included managers, and media and crisis experts who were interviewed using purposive sampling and saturation (n=25). The statistical population of the quantitative section also included 196 managers, experts, and media and crisis experts of the country (Red Crescent Society and Crisis MANAGEMENT Organization). FINDINGS: Based on the findings, it can be said that categories, such as the nature and unprofessional coverage of NEWS, biased NEWS organization, lack of media independence, and ultimately public distrust and tendency towards alternative media as the requirements for designing NEWS executive MODEL in crisis MANAGEMENT were coded as causal conditions. In the theory analysis process, the MAXQDA software (version 2020) was used, which identified a total of 120 concepts and 20 categories. Afterward, in the quantitative part, Smartpls3 software was used to obtain the relationship of these categories to explain the NEWS in crisis MANAGEMENT. CONCLUSION: According to the results, the categories of accountability of officials, social cohesion and increase of resilience, improvement of media performance, and achievement of public trust were the consequences of using appropriate strategies for the development of NEWS in crisis MANAGEMENT. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the nature and unprofessional coverage of NEWS with the design and explanation of crisis MANAGEMENT NEWS as well as the public distrust and tendency towards alternative media with the inappropriate design of crisis MANAGEMENT NEWS.

This research, which has used the views of managers, editors and the editorial board of Fars NEWS Agency, other NEWS agencies and a number of senior communications and media MANAGEMENT experts through qualitative research method (content analysis and focus group), is mainly aimed at achieving "a desirable MODEL of NEWS MANAGEMENT at Fars NEWS Agency". According to managers and experts, the present research has answered three questions: 1- What are the weaknesses and vulnerabilities of the NEWS MANAGEMENT cycle at Fars NEWS Agency? 2- What are the parameters that leave a desirable impact on NEWS MANAGEMENT? 3- What is the desirable NEWS MANAGEMENT MODEL for Fars NEWS Agency? On the basis of the findings of this research, if proper attention is paid to seven parameters, i.e. the main function of NEWS release, people's needs, possibilities and limitations, MANAGEMENT roles, desirability, speed of releasing NEWS, feedbacks and inspection, in the process of NEWS MANAGEMENT, we can access a desirable MODEL. In introducing the desirable NEWS MANAGEMENT MODEL for Fars NEWS Agency, "three steps and 10 stages" have been explained along with all their various dimensions and complications, and once they are put into action along with all their arrangements, Fars NEWS Agency can attain media creditability, readers' trust, becoming a main NEWS source, and success in various areas of rivalry.

The knowledge of "jurisprudence in law" is on the eve of transition of its first era of epistemology; it means the metamorphoses of juridical philosophy. Second era of evolution of jurisprudence of epistemology could be expected in interdisciplinary arena including field of jurisprudence, NEWS and information. The juridical MANAGEMENT of information process has the more impressive functional status in national and religious authority. in the essay, processing phases of the pattern, paradigm principles, law system, principles of juridical MANAGEMENT have been explained by progressive methodology and feed backing of progress and both inductive and inference logics in particular, more effort has been expend to explain the second phase. it is understood that obtain juridical law system, source, audiences and practitioners in NEWS and information field of juridical law system phase, which is based on outlined paradigm principles that have been formed in first phase and is a basis for the principles of juridical MANAGEMENT of NEWS and information, in process of produce, distribute and utilization of NEWS is one of necessity for achieving juridical pattern of NEWS and information. Analytic headlines are: laws about the content of NEWS, laws of source of NEWS, laws of audience and laws of practitioner in NEWS fields. Idea of velayat-faqih (guardianship of jurisconsult) is come from velayate-fiqh (jurisprudence guardianship) (the knowledge in MANAGEMENT of changing processes), and guardianship of jurisprudence depends on deducing general law of all arena of personal and social development and life. Understanding the pillar of epistemology of Islamic republic theory and Islamic contemporary is based on guardianship of jurisprudence. Therefore, it has illustrated the status of jurisprudence of NEWS and information and guardianship of jurisprudence in information MANAGEMENT field and process of information.

INTRODUCTION: Due to the vulnerability of the country to various disasters and events, the role of directing public opinion, and the attention of the general public and political elites to Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB), the present study aimed to obtain and explain an executive MODEL of IRIB NEWS in crisis MANAGEMENT and the way of citizens' exposure. METHODS: This study was conducted based on an applied research method in terms of objective, and it is qualitative research using an exploratory approach in terms of method. The statistical population consisted of experts, managers, and professors of media and crisis (Crescent Society and Crisis MANAGEMENT Organization). The data were collected using a semistructured in-depth interview technique, and a saturation was observed using a targeted sampling and after 25 interviews. In addition, the Strauss method in grounded theory was applied to analyze the data. Moreover, in the process of theory analysis, MAXQDA (version 2020) was applied, and a total of 120 concepts and 20 categories were identified. FINDINGS: Some categories, such as the unprofessional nature of media, unprofessional coverage of NEWS, biased NEWS organization, lack of media independence, public distrust, and tendency toward alternative media, are the requirements for explaining an executive MODEL of NEWS in crisis MANAGEMENT, which are axially coded as causal conditions. In addition, appropriate NEWS coverage, information, analytical programs, people's voice, crisis MANAGEMENT principles and organization, education and informing, and culturalization, were the seven main categories selected as the main strategies to develop the MODEL. CONCLUSION: Some categories, such as the improvement of media performance, de-escalation instead of crisis-making, rumor prevention, obtainment of public trust, accountability of officials, organizing and mobilizing human forces, social cohesion, increasing resilience, as well as reconstruction and rehabilitation, are of the consequences of using appropriate strategies to explain IRIB NEWS in crisis MANAGEMENT.

Today, the importance of the media, including public relations, as an organizational media in shaping and guiding public opinion and the flow of political, social, economic events. . . is not about anyone, perhaps until recently, the pivotal role played by public relations. It was merely informing of objective and real events. But at present, public relations can become the "media organization" of the navigator and streamer in the community by creating conditions for a passive administrative apparatus. The purpose of this research is to investigate the flow of public relations NEWS in society with the variables such as the transformation of public relations into a media organization, changes in technological developments, the use of expert manpower and the use of journalistic formats. The research is carried out using a survey method. The tool used is a questionnaire. The statistical population of the public relations ministries and organizations based in Tehran is 600, and the sample size is 200. The results of the research show that public relations can play a more active role in streamlining the NEWS with the technological changes that have been made, the formation of public relations with media organizations and the use of journalistic formats.

With the advent of modern and more powerful media, the way of managing NEWS and NEWSrooms has also changed. Consequently, new factors influence the process of the formation of NEWS, its circulation and conversion into a political discourse and social dynamics. This essay attempts to investigate factors, influencing the flow of NEWS in Iran, by analysis of certain NEWS items published by Alef (a small NEWS website in summer 2008) on the issue of Mr. Kordan. Alef’s reports grabbed the media and public attention, made headlines and became the predominant NEWS voice in cyberspace. In this case, no other domestic and semi-official media was able to compete with Alef. The writers have tried to focus on textual and non-textual characteristics of the Alef site as opposed to those of other sites. A significant point here is that the article focuses on main factors which helped the Alef site to succeed in developing a NEWS item and attracting the attention of the audience.

Today, social networks have become a prominent source of NEWS, significantly altering the way people obtain NEWS from traditional media sources to social media. Alternatively, social media platforms have been plagued by unauthenticated and fake NEWS in recent years. However, the rise of fake NEWS on these platforms has become a challenging issue. Fake NEWS dissemination, especially through visual content, poses a significant threat as people tend to share information in image format. Consequently, detecting and combating fake NEWS has become crucial in the realm of social media. In this paper, we propose an approach to address the detection of fake image NEWS. Our method incorporates the error level analysis (ELA) technique and the explicit convolutional neural network of the EfficientNet MODEL. By converting the original image into an ELA image, it is possible to effectively highlight any manipulations or discrepancies within the image. The ELA image is further processed by the EfficientNet MODEL, which captures distinctive features used to detect fake image NEWS. Visual features extracted from the MODEL are passed through a dense layer and a sigmoid function to predict the image type. To evaluate the efficacy of the proposed method, we conducted experiments using the CASIA 2. 0 dataset, a widely adopted benchmark dataset for fake image detection. The experimental results demonstrate an accuracy rate of 96. 11% for the CASIA dataset. The results outperform in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency, with a 6% increase in accuracy and a 5. 2% improvement in the F-score compared with other similar methods